Plastics Review

2009 / issue 03

Types of plastic

Development and application of electrically conductive plastics

Apart from a few specific types, the basic property of polymers is that they are electrically insulating. However, additives can be used to make insulating polymers conductive. New ways of doing this are described below.

Properties of plastics

The challenge: reduce flammability while protecting health and the environment

Most plastics ignite easily and burn quickly. Their flammability is reduced by the use of various flame retardants of a chemical nature. Many people consider cheap and highly effective halogenated flame retardants to be a risk to health and the environment, so many companies have developed halogen-free flame retardants or reduced flammability plastic blends containing them. It is hoped that the implementation of the REACH programme, which aims to make the chemical industry safer, will allow substances that are registered, whether halogenated or halogen-free, to be used without risk.

CAMPUS, the technical plastics database, turns twenty

The design of plastics products is greatly aided by databases summarising the properties of raw materials. One of the pioneers is CAMPUS, which was founded 20 years ago by some of Europe's major plastics raw material companies. Today, the consortium that maintains the database is facing the challenges of the future alongside the achievements of the past.

Processing of plastics

Micro- and nano-injection moulding

Injection moulding technologies for the production of micro-sized objects are being intensively developed. Another application is to create microscopically textured surfaces on macroscopic products. The processes are mainly required in electronics and equipment using electromechanical systems.

Simulation in plastics processing

Simulation methods can be used not only in injection moulding, but also to predict the correlation between microstructure and material properties or fracture tests. In the following, the latest developments from software vendors are presented.

Finding new ways in injection moulding

Plastics processors are looking for new ways to stay ahead in the global competition. One approach is the pressure-curing of injection-moulded products to produce more dimensionally stable optical elements than ever before. Another idea is pulsed cooling, which can save energy and increase productivity under certain conditions. New market opportunities are also expected from the injection moulding of metal alloys in plastic injection moulding plants.

What's new in the world of PUR

Polyurethanes (PUR), known as „all-rounders”, „polyhistors”, „chameleons”, have a wide range of applications due to their versatility. The world's leading equipment manufacturers are continuously improving processing technologies and there is also great progress in the recycling of waste from PUR systems.

Use of plastics

When and how to choose the raw material for a new product?

The first stage in the development of a new product is to select the raw material. Some good advice and some practical examples are given below

Flexible packaging: market trends and developments

The largest area of plastic use is packaging, where demand is changing rapidly. The world's leading machinery manufacturers and developers are turning their attention to Asia, where packaging volumes are also growing rapidly.

Plastic pipelines

Demand for pipes is growing steadily as developing countries build infrastructure, although the economic crisis is reducing demand somewhat. Plastic pipes are steadily displacing those made of traditional materials and newer plastic ones are replacing them. Machine manufacturers and raw material producers are doing their utmost to meet customers' expectations.

Medical use of plastic technical tubes

Among engineering plastics, thermosetting polyimide stands out for its high heat resistance and excellent chemical resistance. In the medical field, polyimide tubes are used for catheters and minimally invasive surgical devices.

Plastics in Toyland

Making toys is not a game. They are subject to the same safety requirements as food and should not cause accidents in any conceivable or unthinkable way. Without plastics, today's toys would not exist.

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